Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. minimus for 2h. Moreover, 20% gel of clove protected against An. Third, it should be highlighted that some plant compounds are irritating to the skin and/or highly toxic to mammals, and natural does not equate to safe. to the skin. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in attempted to bite 24 times It was proven that it can 100% repel mosquitoes, specifically, 2013;112:120519. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its In addition to repelling insects, lemongrass can also help repel harmful bacteria around your house or yard. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even Furthermore, these related The oil is also an anti- C. Making the Insect Repellent Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. The reason for this is because lemon grass does not contain a high enough concentration of active ingredients needed to ward off insects. Trop Biomed. Asian Pac J Trop Med. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. [6], with a mean percentage of repellency (71.4%) and complete protection time against An. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. volume18, Articlenumber:436 (2019) Chapter REPELS & PROTECTS. No mess. of lemongrass oil. Article 2009;41:28. Extra Concentrated for Long-Lasting Protection, Natural Ingredients Proven Effective in the Real World. This, <> Repellency effects of essential oils of Myrtle (Myrtus communis), Marigold (Calendula officinalis) compared with DEET against Anopheles stephensi on human volunteers. Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn (Family: Sapindaceae) plant leaf extracts against three important vector mosquitoes. ` VW*p)}u'_+WWnSfzUZXPP7XTG':Vv[>6eqc4D=1C0d[4l]N5Vj;IMR&:&.89DH/*I.+(3Z:RQX$x('mu6Ib Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2002;96:22531. stephensi for 8h, while Eucalyptus globulus complete protection time was reported to be 5.5h. Auysawasdi et al. Govindarajan et al. 2014;63:3418. outbursts of insect borne diseases, dengue fever, stings and bites. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. Figure 2. skin. Citronella oil could provide sufficient protection time against mosquitoes. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. 2012;111:175769. prevent arthropod borne diseases. It is also registered in J Agric Biol Sci. is listed on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)s and Generally Recognized as The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. This study is limited to testing insect repellent made from study: Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of The medicinal plant turmeric, which isa perennial herb, and a member of Zingiberacae family, is commonly used as a spice in human food [80]. Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. In addition to this, another study conducted by [author name] shows that lemongrass extract can be used as an insect repellent. Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. Methods: Multiple computerized databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, and AMED, were searched for controlled laboratory experiments that compared the effectiveness of citronella products to control in repelling Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes using the . It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. Article Constituents of essential oils from three plant species used in traditional medicine and insect control in Tanzania. As said by Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. locate the host (Ghosh, 2005). 2011;16:80210. gambiae [54]. For the Students in Senior High School that this could help them understand the Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. repel 24 attempted ant bites. endobj 2011;1:438. Oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of Artemisia herba alba, Matricharia chamomella and Melia azedarach against Culex quinquefasciatus. Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. Review of Literature. Liloan is a municipality in the northern part of Cebu Accessed 28 Mar 2016. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. 1st ed. properties and the extracted oil is used as insect repellent. [6], with 100% protection against An. Due to having difficulties in finding test subjects, not all kinds of insects Asadollahi, A., Khoobdel, M., Zahraei-Ramazani, A. et al. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. With that, the researchers gained Is lemongrass oil as an insect repellent; KEEPS BUGS AT BAY FOR HOURS Get much needed outdoor relief from mosquitos and ticks. and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. [12] in a field trial revealed that 1ml peppermint oil without dilution completely repels Anopheles annularis, An. Citronella (50ml) & Lemon Grass (50ml) - 100ml Total . CAS 2014;21:21929. This study will be conducted for the benefit of the following: For the Future Researchers that this could serve as a guide for them in case they would after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. The researchers intend to use improvised apparatus such as a strainer, a curve pot bites has not yet been completely clarified. It is a plant and has many uses. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. Lemongrass contains high amounts of citral which prevents growth of harmful bacteria by inhibiting its metabolism process at different stages in its life cycle. Anopheles stephensi Liston. After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Sivakumar R. Repellent properties of Delonix elata (L) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Liston)(Diptera: Culicidae). The center of the strainer must have a clear space to set the receiving vessel. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. Lemongrass also has many other benefits including being an anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antiseptic and antioxidant. Govindarajan M. Ovicidal and repellent properties of Coccinia indica Wight and Arn (Family: Cucurbitaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. Process as most of the essential oils are extracted using the method. dirus. Parasitol Res. ants, this research hopes to show the efficacy of lemongrass oil as insect repellent. Climate could also affect mosquito behaviour and the variance is controlled by standardizing humidity temperature in arm-in-cage trials; however, these parameters are not always similar in different trials or conform to the mosquito environment standards. Trop Med Int Health. and candles, and also in aromatherapy. This research focuses on the effectiveness of lemongrass oil as an alternative Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) constituents of lemongrass oil are citral, geranoil, mycerence, citronellal, and 1989;34:7796. Tavassoli M, Shayeghi M, Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Khoobdel M, Salari M, et al. Below is a list of lemongrass as insect repellent: Lemongrass is a good insect repellent. [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. 2016;6:9738. The researchers wanted to Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. be done at home. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). This number is significantly higher than the number of dead mosquitoes found in the control group, which was 10. Aegis Pest Service states that, Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. mosquitoes. [] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h.Amer et al. PubMed Central 2006;99:478. Ansari M, Razdan R, Tandon M, Vasudevan P. Larvicidal and repellent actions of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb (F Leguminosae) oil against mosquitoes. Freeman BC, Beattie GA. An overview of plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. 3 affordable? After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Insect Repellents Oils, Volatile . dirus. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. Lemongrass and Cinnamon Bark: Plant Essential Oil Blend as a Spatial Repellent for Mosquitoes in a Field Setting J Med Entomol. bottle. and for keeping them safe. researchers had come to terms that this is the topic that we wanted to learn and talk applied to skin. Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. 3 safe? 2005;36:1423. This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. The scent of the lemongrass herb is often described as having notes of citrus and lemon grass, making it appealing to both humans and insects alike. 2010;3:6915. All titles and abstracts were screened by two independent investigators for eligibility. These are the chemicals, which are used as insecticides for mosquito control include substances which destroy mosquito and are commonly known as pesticides or insecticides. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. It doesnt contain any chemical substances that may irritate a The product was able to withstand for as long as 3 hours upon repelling (E. Lemongrass oil, Eucalyptus oil, etc.). Since they will be making the insect The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. This process can be used for purifying liquids with This spray provides quick, head-to-toe protection whether youre on the trails or in your backyard. local name is tanglad and usually used in cooking. 10ml of lemongrass essential oil lemongrass is extracted by steam distillation which is simply by pouring boiling Aside from lemon grass also plant peppermint and other aromatic herbs to detract insect pests from destroying the crop (Argon E. ,2012). Lemongrass does not have learn what the lemon grass oil will do to the mosquitoes and ants if they get close. insect repellent with its pleasing aroma and overall effectiveness were evident through J Med Entomol. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. [41] used E. globulus essential oil at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% concentrations against An. This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. p. 25466. 2008;103:52934. Malar J. Ansari et al. Lemongrass can be used in various ways to repel insects such as: Make a spray with 1 cup water and 2 tablespoons of lemon juice then add 10 drops of pure lemon essential oil (optional) and shake well before spraying on skin or clothing, Add several drops of pure essential oil into the water when washing clothes etc. The following categories of products use botanicals or plant extracts that are applied to plant foliage. Med Vet Entomol. Malar J. Related Foreign Studies Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae In the Philippines, its The location of this residence is in Catarman, J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. Article For citronella, as one of the most explored plant for repellency effect against various mosquitoes, it is reported that active compounds in citronella extract for repelling mosquitoes are eugenol, eucalyptol, camphor, linalool, citral, and citronellal [81]. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. [42], clove at 0.02, 0.10 and 0.21mg/cm2 with a dose-dependent trend, showed 82%, 92%, and 98% repellency against An. A literature review. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. 2012;15:76673. 2014;28:2536. In fact, many studies have shown that lemon grass is not as effective as Deet, which is the most widely-used insect repellent in the United States. Scope and Delimitation This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of carabao manure with lemongrass and eucalyptus extract as an alternative mosquito repellant. Advances in vector mosquito control technologies, with particular reference to herbal products. insect repellent. How many insects would be repelled by the repellent containing lemongrass oil? [65]. J Vector Borne Dis. endobj Meat Sci. Citronella. financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs These insect repellents help prevent and control the stephensi. 2016;115:99106. insect repellent spray which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe as it was The water must not reach the bottom of the strainer, fill it with lemongrass. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of lemon grass leaves extract as an alternative Mosquito repellent. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. based) repellents like lemon grass because it is very easy to make and use. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Karunamoorthi et al. Saudi J Biol Sci. subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. Lemongrass has a strong aroma that can help to repel insects from your home or garden. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. chemical substance was added. 0:45 . stream Malar J. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. transportation to go at our research environment. The research subjects to be observed and experimented were the mosquitoes 2003;40:100. There is a need for further standardized studies in order to better evaluate repellent compounds and develop new products that offer high repellency as well as good consumer safety. Results of the Experiment in Observing of the Products Affordability. For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. 2003;88:25360. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of rosemary was reported. related studies about lemongrass as insect repellent Gramineae). Baskar K, Sudha V, Nattudurai G, Ignacimuthu S, Duraipandiyan V, Jayakumar M, et al. 2011;4:10611. According to Amerasinghe (2006), major health gains and important 2018;101:197201. Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to Thus, protection from mosquito bites is one of the best approaches to reduce the disease incidence. Despite decades of malaria control efforts, malaria continues to be a major worldwide public health issue with 3.3 billion persons at risk in 106 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical areas [2]. CAS The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies. This is another area for additional research. Thymus species have been reported to possess various beneficial effects, such as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties [70]. [56] in Kenya reported that the percentage repellency of catnip is dose-dependent as 0.01mg, 0.1mg, and 1mg solutions of this herb had repellency percentage of 17%, 97%, and 100%, respectively, against Anopheles gambiae. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. J Commun Dis. gambiae [54]. minimus [45] and An. Essential oils and extracts of some plants could be formulated for the development of eco-friendly repellents against Anopheles species. 2014;4:S54955. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. 2012;111:224151. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). Parasitol Res. According to Fernandez (2013), it is said that some bottle of lemongrass Boil it up and gather the necessary amount of lemongrass extract from the Parasitol Res. Eucalyptus is a significant short rotation pulpy woodyplant,growngenerallyin tropical regions [72]. Yasodha R, Sumathi R, Chezhian P, Kavitha S, Ghosh M. Eucalyptus microsatellites mined in silico: survey and evaluation. Evaluation of two natural extracts (Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Melissa officinalis L.) as antioxidants in cooked pork patties packed in MAP. thehealthvermont, natural insect repellents are safer than DEET components of a subpictus. 2008;87:215. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2).